Lecture Three

Identity

Theories of identity
- essentialism (traditional approach)
-phrenology
-physiognomy

Cesre Lombroso-criminal trouts intented.

Historical Phases of identity
- Pre modern identity -personality identity stable
-Modern identity- side range of social roles-find identity
- Post modern -identity is constructed through social experience
Fragmented e.g online and offline identity

19th and early 20th centuries
Simmel:
-trickle down theory
- Emulation
- Distinction
-the 'mask; of fashion- establishing distinction between classes through fashion.

Simmel suggests that because of the speed and mutability  of modernity, individuals withdraw in to themselves to find peace.

Post-modern identity
'Discourse Analysis'-identity is constructed.


Discourses to consider:
-class- Humphrey spender/ Mass Observation, Worktown Project, 1937
-nationality
-race/ethnicity
-Gender and sexuality    'otherness'

Bauman 'Identity' 2004- 'indentity' revealed to be something intended rather than discovered


Zygmunt Ballman-Identity

-Robbie Cooper-photographs individuals and their alter egos

-Jo Spence: Indentity explored through class and family history, 1980s
-Gillian Wearing: self portraits album, 2003
-Robert Mapplethorpe: gender, sexuality and indentity.
-Nikki S Lee- explored differing social groups through self-involvement